7075-T6铝合金厚板FSW焊缝沿厚度方向上的显微组织演变规律

采用金相显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）和背散射电子衍射（EBSD）技术表征7075铝合金厚板搅拌摩擦焊（FSW）焊核中心区的微观结构，研究沿焊缝厚度方向上的显微组织演变规律。结果表明，焊核中心区发生了明显的动态再结晶，由原始粗大的板条状组织转变成了细小的等轴晶；随着距焊缝上表面距离的增加，中心区等轴晶晶粒尺寸呈现逐渐增大的趋势。其中，中心区上部4 mm处的晶粒尺寸最小，仅为7.8 μm；底部19 mm处的晶粒尺寸最大，达18.6 μm。中心区动态再结晶分数随距离的增大而逐渐减小，从中心区顶部1 mm处最大值90.4%减小至底部19 mm处最小值57.5%。受动态再结晶影响，焊核中心区主要以大角度晶界（HAGB）分布为主，且中心区大角度晶界随距离的增加呈逐渐降低的趋势；但每一个典型位置处的大角度晶界分布呈现先增大后减小的趋势，且在45°左右时达到最大值；此外，中心区并没有强取向组织产生。同时，焊核中心区主要以细小、弥散的二次析出强化相η相为主，且二次析出强化相颗粒尺寸随距离的增加而呈逐渐增大的趋势，但二次析出强化相颗粒总体数量却呈相反的趋势变化。     

仅用作航空器追踪的北斗机载设备适航要求分析

北斗卫星导航系统（简称北斗）在民用航空器中安装应用的前提是明确和符合北斗机载设备的适航要求。但由于全球定位系统（GPS）与北斗在星座结构、信号体制及功能上的不同，导致目前国际上全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）相关适航标准不适用于北斗设备。标准的缺失严重制约北斗民航产业发展，急需进行自主研究与制定。针对北斗在民用航空器中应用第一阶段的功能及场景，即仅用作航空器追踪，分析当前可参考标准的适用性，明确适航要求的制订策略及框架，综合考虑适航安全性、民航对北斗机载设备的紧迫需求，未来机载设备的发展方向，以及当前工业水平，提出一套仅用作航空器追踪的北斗机载设备适航要求，形成审定要素及评审要求，可支持工业方对适航标准的理解。     

海洋运动对台风过境全过程水平风速特性的影响

现行台风模型大多采用基于有限实测数据修正的工程经验模型,忽略了波浪、海流等海洋运动与其水平风速之间的实时耦合作用.为揭示海洋运动对台风过境全过程的影响机制,基于MCT耦合器,采用中尺度WRF大气模型、第三代浅海海浪SWAN模型以及三维水动力FVCOM模型,建立了大气-海洋-海浪(W-S-F)的实时耦合模拟平台.在此基础上,模拟了台风"莫兰蒂"过境全过程海洋环境时空演变,对比分析了W-S-F耦合平台与非耦合WRF模式下台风过境全过程的差异性,最终提炼出海洋运动对水平风速特性的影响规律.结果表明:本文提出的W-S-F耦合平台可以准确模拟考虑海洋运动的台风过境全过程风速场;低空处海洋运动促进台风水平风速发展,且随高度增加影响逐渐减小,高空处海洋运动对台风水平风速产生抑制作用,且这种消耗随高度增大而加强;在台风整个发展周期,海洋运动对低空台风强度的影响呈现先促进后抑制规律,随着高度增加逐渐形成相反特点.     

Assessment of Space Station design and operation through Bioastronautics.

The paper reviews the main elements and major issues affecting human productivity and discusses some selected factors which might not be sufficiently identified and/or considered from the Bioastronautics point of view at the present stage of planning Space Station design and operation.     

Bipolar nickel-metal hydride battery for hybrid vehicles

Hybrid electric vehicles are receiving increased interest as an approach to decrease vehicle pollution, dependence, and consumption of liquid petroleum and meet forthcoming Government vehicle emission standards. A number of schemes are under consideration (heat engine battery, fuel cell battery, peaking battery, inner-city battery, etc.). The success of any of the approaches will be dependent on battery capabilities, i.e., power, density, life, and cost. The nickel-metal hydride system appears to be the most promising of the candidate battery chemistries. Preliminary designs and analysis have been prepared and are presented for various configurations. Initial performance characterization tests are presented. It is concluded that a bipolar package arrangement for the Ni-MH chemistry appears most suited for the hybrid vehicle application considered     

Processing requirements for multisensor low-cost brilliantmunitions

A generic mission for an autonomous brilliant munition is presented and used to identify the functions that embedded signal processors must perform. Based on these functions and other operational factors such as weather, countermeasures, larger search areas, reduced false alarm rates, and increased munition maneuverability, the processing loads in bits/second messages/second, operations/second, and instructions/second are derived. An evaluation of general implementation issues such as the requirements for data fusion, distributed and parallel processing architectures, reliable software, and low-cost hardware is presented     

7A09铝合金厚板搅拌摩擦焊接头显微组织与性能研究

通过对7A09铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊试验,分析讨论了接头的显微组织和力学性能。试验结果表明:焊核区为细小的等轴晶组织,且焊接速度和搅拌头旋转速度对晶粒的大小有影响;焊接热循环对接头析出相的分布有较大影响;接头显微硬度呈W型分布,热影响区软化趋势最明显;当搅拌头旋转速度和焊接速度匹配适当时,拉伸试样的断裂位置在热影响区,接头的抗拉强度可达到母材的78%。     

捷联式重力定高引信的力学分析及其关键技术

根据地球的重力场特性控制弹道导弹的引爆高度，不但安全可靠，而且可以对抗电子干扰。保持惯性空间是测量重力场的重要保证。本文论证捷联式重力定高引信的力学原理，给出了详细的数学证明。最后根据实验结果，讨论了捷联式重力测高引信的关键技术。     

Application of the Concept of Referenced Radio Navigation

This paper discusses referenced radio navigation, the concept whereby monitoring stations at known locations are used to calibrate out systematic errors in a navigation system. This concept is implemented by broadcasting calibration data to the navigating user for application as real-time corrections to the position fixes made by the user's basic navigation equipment. A method is suggested for the automatic transmission and receiver processing of the correction data. Referenced radio navigation overcomes many of the shortcomings generally associated with long-distance navigation systems, and can increase accuracy and repeatability significantly. The concept is particularly applicable to global navigation systems such as OMEGA, in which propagation or synchronization errors can contribute substantially to the system error budget.     

基于动态故障树的故障隔离程序分析方法

传统的故障隔离程序采用常规静态故障树进行故障分析，可能会导致故障原因分析不全、故障隔离路径过于繁琐等问题。提出基于系统原理和动态故障树进行故障隔离程序分析的方法，以某飞机防火系统引气导管过热探测系统故障为实例，进行系统设计原理和故障告警逻辑分析，引入动态逻辑门，构建具有顺序相关、功能相关和备份关系的动态故障树；在此基础上进行关联故障分析和排故流程图转化。结果表明：该方法能系统地、全面地反映故障触发逻辑，提供快速、准确、有效的故障隔离程序，提高飞机维修保障水平，在复杂飞机系统的航线维修领域具有良好的应用前景和推广价值。